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The Serengeti, East Africa.

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The stage to one of the world's most
extraordinary natural spectacles.

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Each year, 1.3 million wildebeest

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make an incredible 650km journey

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from the vast Serengeti plains
in Tanzania

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to the highlands of Kenya's
Maasai Mara, and back again.

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I am spending a year following them
on their epic journey.

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From the birthing plains

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to the treacherous river crossings.

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The crocodile -
It's got it, it's got it.

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Wow.

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And the perilous fight for survival.

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(GROWLS)

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I'll get up close with the animals.

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Really? Really?!

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The male is right next to me.

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My heart's still pounding.

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And meet the people...

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Oh.

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This is nuts.

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..who are an integral part of this.

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One of the largest mammal migrations
on Earth.

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My first day in the Serengeti,
Tanzania.

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I've taken to the air to catch
my first glimpse
of the wildebeest herds.

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Look at this.
I've always wanted to see this.

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One of the greatest
wildlife spectacles.

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I've been lucky enough to come
to Africa a number of times.

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But never over such a prolonged
period, focusing on one animal.

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With me is Dr Grant Hopcraft.

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One of the world's leading
researchers of wildebeest

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and their great migration.

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Why do these millions of wildebeest
all make this great journey?

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It's all about food.

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For the wildebeest,
it's all about food.

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Those animals are consuming about
4,500 tonnes of grass a day.

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They eat so much
that they have to move.

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They're eating themselves
out of house and home.

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They have to keep on marching,
finding food.

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This vast savannah covers
25,000 square kilometres.

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And is home to hundreds
of species of animals.

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Wildebeest are part of the antelope
family.

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Their population outnumbers all
the other mammals here combined.

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Here in the Serengeti, the healthy
ecosystem is one driven
by wildebeest.

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If you imagine it's a big engine,

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the wildebeest are the major cog.

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Everything else spins off
on the side of that.

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If you're eating 4,500 tonnes
of grass a day,

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you can imagine the dung and urine
that's getting deposited.

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That determines the nutrient cycles,

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which determines
the availability of insects,

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which determines
the abundance of birds.

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Also, 4,500 tonnes of grass a day
means it doesn't get burnt.

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Which means that all the tree
seedlings survive.

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So everything that we see here
is related to the wildebeest.

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I feel like the luckiest person
in the world.

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But I genuinely want to understand
this incredible creature.

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And not just the animal. I want to
find out about the interactions
with the other wildlife.

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And also the people
that call this place home.

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It's February, and my journey with
the wildebeest

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starts in the short grass plains
in the southern Serengeti.

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There's new life everywhere.

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But no species gives birth in such
synch as the wildebeest.

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At the same time each year,
for just three weeks,

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a quarter of a million calves
are born.

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It's mid-morning, and Grant and I
head in amongst the herds.

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How many will be giving birth today?

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I'm putting you on the spot there.

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On average, probably 12,000.

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That works out to be
500 calves an hour.

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500 calves an hour
are getting born today.

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No wonder it's so noisy here!
It's noisy. Everybody's excited.

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Everybody's just had their baby.

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Some will be the first baby
that this cow has ever had.

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It's unbelievable.

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That long-leggedness, is that to try
and get that speed to be able
to get away from predators?

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You're born to run.

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Absolutely born to run.
Up in the air, that's all we saw.

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Running.
That's my image.

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When I think back to my childhood,
the gnu ran.

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I was known as a gnu!
That's right.

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Once a calf is born, it can stand
within seven minutes.

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Some have a little more trouble
than others.

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But once they get the hang of it,

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the calves can be trotting alongside
their mothers in under an hour.

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Is this their way
of protecting themselves?

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Absolutely. For wildebeest calves,
there are two things that are
absolutely imperative tosurvive.

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One is imprint.

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Know who your mother is.

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Mothers don't share calves.
Never?

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They never take an orphan?
Never take an orphan.

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The second thing is be precocial.

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Get up and start moving immediately.

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What you'll find is that as soon
as this area starts to dry,

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that calf needs to be able to move
maybe three or four kilometres
today.

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And by tomorrow... By the end
of the week, it's probably moved
maybe 50km and it's onlya week old.

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This is the start of the migration.
This is the start.

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On your marks, get set, go.
Wow.

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This is nuts.
It's impressive, isn't it? Yep.

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Feasting on fresh grasses,

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the wildebeest and their newborns
are not alone.

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250,000 zebra
and over 300,000 other antelope

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also make the migration together.

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But where there are herbivores,
there are carnivores.

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Predators lurk everywhere.

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A pack of hyenas can devour a
wildebeest in less than half an hour.

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Bones and all.

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Male wildebeest travel together
in bachelor herds.

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But rely on the vigilance of females
nearby, who are more alert to danger.

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They form creches for their newborns,

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protecting them as they travel.

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The calves soon grow in confidence.

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And with 12,000 of them
born each day,

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there are simply too many
for the predators to eat.

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This female spotted hyena,

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still full from a morning's kill,

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merely waits amongst the herd.

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They know she's not in hunting mode.

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But stand on guard just in case.

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But when a calf gets separated
from its mother,

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it becomes vulnerable.

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(BLEATS)

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The herd disappear.

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And this abandoned youngster
can do nothing but watch.

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It's left for easy pickings.

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(SCREECHES)

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For others, injury
will see their demise.

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Tonight, I'm camping out
on the plains,

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in amongst the herds
and the other wildlife.

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(GROWLING)
Can you hear that?

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That is lions.

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They've got the largest
concentration of lions on Earth here.

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(GROWLING)

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They are everywhere.

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I've been told I am to stay put.
I am not allowed to leave my tent.

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Good night.

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(GROWLING)

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It's 5am and I've spent the night
camping in the middle of the
Serengeti

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amongst the wildebeest herds.

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The noises last night
were just crazy.

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Roaring, barking, yelping,

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shouting.

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Every animal noise
you can possibly imagine.

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There's 35 species
of carnivores here.

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And they all walked through the camp.

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It's scary...and magnificent
at the same time.

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The wildebeest herds
feed on fresh grass.

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But a few hundred metres
from my camp,

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it looks like the limping female
I saw yesterday met her fate.

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Together, they could eat almost a
third of their kill in one sitting.

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Up to 60kg of meat.

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The scent of flesh soon attracts
other visitors.

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But it's only when the hyenas think
the lions have finished their meal

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do they dare approach the leftovers.

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It's often overlooked that hyenas
are in fact skilful hunters
in their own right.

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But in this situation, opportunistic.

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Tenacity is key.

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But they always keep an eye
on their bigger cohorts.

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Just as well, as this lion
is still hungry.

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(GROWLS)

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Proving this morning,
it is he who is king of the jungle.

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The magnificent lions
of the Serengeti

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have been studied
for almost 50 years.

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So as the wildebeest continue
feeding on the birthing plains,

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I am breaking away from the herd

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to find out more about the other
300 lions that dominate this area.

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The Lion Research Project
now monitors 28 prides
of these apex predators.

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Today, lead field assistant
Daniel Rosengren is my guide.

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Are some of these lions collared?
Yes.

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We have a collar in each pride
to help us find the pride.

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How far away do you think they are?

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Probably about a kilometre.

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Each collar has a radio transmitter.

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And with Daniel
picking up the signal,

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we can make our way
closer to the pride.

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(BEEPING)

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The signal is getting very loud now.

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It gets louder as I get closer.

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Here on the edge of the riverbank,

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we find this area's biggest threat
to the travelling wildebeest.

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An entire pride.

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In the distance, the migration
passes perilously close by.

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There are two adult males,

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ten females, and 16 youngsters.

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This is amazing, Daniel.

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00:13:05,379 --> 00:13:09,459
I'm sure you get used to seeing lions
because you do this on a daily basis.

186
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To see these alpha predators
so close,

187
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it makes all the hairs on my arms
stand on end.

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I've done this for four and a half
years and I still enjoy doing it.

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Last night, I could hear the lions
roaring all night long.

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00:13:23,539 --> 00:13:29,419
Feel pretty exposed just thinking
there's a thin piece of fabric
between you and them.

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Do they ever attack people in tents?

192
00:13:31,539 --> 00:13:33,859
No, not here in Serengeti.

193
00:13:33,979 --> 00:13:36,499
They, for some reason,
don't touch the tents.

194
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I think it's because we have
a very healthy ecosystem.

195
00:13:39,699 --> 00:13:41,659
They have plenty of other food.

196
00:13:41,779 --> 00:13:45,179
They might touch your tent, but
that's more out of curiosity

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00:13:45,299 --> 00:13:47,699
rather than wanting to eat
what's inside.

198
00:13:47,819 --> 00:13:50,779
But it has happened
in other places in Africa.

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They do learn how to get into tents
and eat people.

200
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But that's normally when there's not
much else food to choose between.

201
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I should be grateful
for the wildebeest, then.

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00:14:01,379 --> 00:14:03,299
There's enough of them.
Yes.

203
00:14:03,419 --> 00:14:05,739
1.3 million wildebeest
saving your life.

204
00:14:07,739 --> 00:14:09,659
With this many cubs,

205
00:14:09,779 --> 00:14:12,099
Daniel is curious to see
how they'll react

206
00:14:12,219 --> 00:14:15,059
if we deploy our beetle camera
towards the pride.

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00:14:18,379 --> 00:14:20,299
(WHIRRING)

208
00:14:22,979 --> 00:14:24,899
(GROWLS)

209
00:14:27,779 --> 00:14:29,699
The sound of the small motor inside

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00:14:29,819 --> 00:14:32,219
soon gets the attention
of the youngsters.

211
00:14:36,699 --> 00:14:39,859
While Dad keeps a close eye
on his inquisitive offspring.

212
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That's a much quicker investigation
than I was thinking.

213
00:14:59,779 --> 00:15:01,739
Oh, tip it up.

214
00:15:03,699 --> 00:15:05,619
I hope they'll put it back again.

215
00:15:08,299 --> 00:15:10,219
The male is coming.

216
00:15:11,859 --> 00:15:13,779
Look, look.

217
00:15:18,499 --> 00:15:20,419
Look, look.

218
00:15:26,459 --> 00:15:28,379
That's a very expensive toy.

219
00:15:30,299 --> 00:15:32,219
Before it gets destroyed,

220
00:15:32,339 --> 00:15:34,979
Daniel thinks it's best
we retrieve the camera.

221
00:15:38,099 --> 00:15:40,019
You're joking me.

222
00:15:40,099 --> 00:15:42,059
Are you sure my window is OK?

223
00:15:42,179 --> 00:15:44,099
Yeah.
Are you sure?

224
00:15:44,179 --> 00:15:46,139
Yeah.

225
00:15:46,259 --> 00:15:48,779
You might have to grab it
through your window.

226
00:15:48,899 --> 00:15:51,179
Really?
Where is it now?

227
00:15:55,019 --> 00:15:56,939
It's just there.

228
00:15:59,059 --> 00:16:00,979
The male is right next to me.

229
00:16:02,219 --> 00:16:04,099
Just open the door a bit
and grab it.

230
00:16:04,179 --> 00:16:06,139
Just grab it from underneath.

231
00:16:07,619 --> 00:16:09,539
Can you turn the mirror back?

232
00:16:15,219 --> 00:16:17,139
Really? Really?!

233
00:16:17,259 --> 00:16:20,259
Open the door slowly and see
the reaction of the lions.

234
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Hide behind the door a bit.

235
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That was easy.

236
00:16:34,659 --> 00:16:36,619
See?

237
00:16:36,699 --> 00:16:39,259
I can smell lion all over this.

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Lion slobber.

239
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My heart's still pounding.

240
00:16:43,419 --> 00:16:45,379
It's pretty intimidating.

241
00:16:45,499 --> 00:16:50,019
If I can use that to benefit my
understanding of the migration,

242
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that's what those wildebeest
are confronted with.

243
00:16:53,939 --> 00:16:56,979
They're confronted
with 2,500 of those.

244
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The obstacle course throughout
this migratory route.

245
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That's terrifying.

246
00:17:02,299 --> 00:17:06,659
It's an intimidating sight to see
these powerful predators there.

247
00:17:06,779 --> 00:17:10,299
That, for a wildebeest, would be
the last thing they'd ever see.

248
00:17:10,419 --> 00:17:13,619
Fortunately, I had a steel horse
to protect me.

249
00:17:13,699 --> 00:17:15,659
They don't have anything like that.

250
00:17:20,059 --> 00:17:23,859
The word serengeti translates
as endless plains.

251
00:17:31,019 --> 00:17:32,939
Wow!

252
00:17:33,059 --> 00:17:36,099
Delving into this incredible
animal kingdom,

253
00:17:36,219 --> 00:17:40,259
it's hard to imagine a human
population ever living here.

254
00:17:42,699 --> 00:17:44,619
But they do.

255
00:17:47,339 --> 00:17:50,699
As the migration continues west
through the birthing plains,

256
00:17:50,819 --> 00:17:54,379
the wildebeest pass
the area of the Hadzabe.

257
00:17:57,739 --> 00:18:01,899
They are one of the world's last
tribes who still hunter-gather.

258
00:18:03,939 --> 00:18:07,459
Living a life unchanged
for 10,000 years.

259
00:18:09,779 --> 00:18:13,699
While the wildebeest will spend
another week giving birth
in this area,

260
00:18:13,819 --> 00:18:16,619
I take my opportunity
to visit the tribe.

261
00:18:18,019 --> 00:18:19,939
Hello, hello. Wow. Hi.

262
00:18:25,819 --> 00:18:27,939
The chief of this family is Julius.

263
00:18:29,619 --> 00:18:31,539
As the tribe's ambassador,

264
00:18:31,619 --> 00:18:33,579
he's one of the few people on Earth

265
00:18:33,699 --> 00:18:36,379
to speak both the tribe's language
and Swahili.

266
00:18:36,499 --> 00:18:40,459
And he had to learn some English to
communicate with the outside world.

267
00:18:40,539 --> 00:18:42,859
I'd like to return the gesture.

268
00:18:44,299 --> 00:18:47,179
Julius, what is the language
that they're speaking?

269
00:18:47,299 --> 00:18:50,779
The Hadza language.
Which has these clicks.

270
00:18:50,859 --> 00:18:53,219
Can you show me some?

271
00:18:53,299 --> 00:18:55,259
(CLICKS) Anna.

272
00:18:55,339 --> 00:18:57,299
Annaco. Ann-aco.

273
00:18:57,419 --> 00:18:59,339
Annaco.
Annaco.

274
00:18:59,459 --> 00:19:02,699
Yes.
How do I say hello in Hadzabe?

275
00:19:02,819 --> 00:19:04,739
Api.
Api.

276
00:19:04,859 --> 00:19:06,779
Te.
Te.

277
00:19:06,899 --> 00:19:08,819
Apite.
Apite.

278
00:19:08,939 --> 00:19:11,499
How are you, my friend?
Apite.

279
00:19:11,579 --> 00:19:13,539
Apite.

280
00:19:13,619 --> 00:19:15,579
ALL: Apite!

281
00:19:15,659 --> 00:19:17,619
Hadza is one of a group of languages

282
00:19:17,699 --> 00:19:19,659
thought to be the oldest in Africa.

283
00:19:21,019 --> 00:19:22,939
I can but try.

284
00:19:23,019 --> 00:19:24,979
Hua apitate.

285
00:19:25,099 --> 00:19:27,459
Wherever I go,
people just laugh at me.

286
00:19:27,539 --> 00:19:29,619
That's the story of my life.

287
00:19:31,259 --> 00:19:33,179
(SINGING)

288
00:19:33,259 --> 00:19:35,219
This large family of 35

289
00:19:35,339 --> 00:19:38,379
are like the other 1,000 Hadzabe
living in this area.

290
00:19:40,099 --> 00:19:42,259
They don't grow food,
raise livestock,

291
00:19:42,339 --> 00:19:44,299
nor build permanent homes.

292
00:19:46,859 --> 00:19:49,459
Instead, they travel
between hunting grounds,

293
00:19:49,579 --> 00:19:52,379
setting up camp
until food becomes scarce.

294
00:19:52,459 --> 00:19:54,419
Then they move on.

295
00:19:54,539 --> 00:19:58,819
Do you think that you could compare
your lifestyle,

296
00:19:58,899 --> 00:20:00,739
the fact that you move around,

297
00:20:00,819 --> 00:20:02,779
with the other wild animals here?

298
00:20:02,859 --> 00:20:04,899
Like the wildebeest, you do the same.

299
00:20:05,019 --> 00:20:08,619
You move according to food,
according to water,

300
00:20:08,739 --> 00:20:11,699
according to what you need
to sustain your family.

301
00:20:46,499 --> 00:20:50,139
I am the first foreigner Julius and
his family have invited to stay.

302
00:20:50,259 --> 00:20:53,139
And it's the most social part
of the day,

303
00:20:53,219 --> 00:20:55,179
maintaining their weapons.

304
00:20:57,579 --> 00:21:00,339
This is all you use
to hunt your animals.

305
00:21:00,459 --> 00:21:05,899
Small animal like a dig dig,
or birds like guinea fowl.

306
00:21:06,019 --> 00:21:09,299
What about a bigger animal
like an eland?

307
00:21:09,419 --> 00:21:11,339
Arrow.
An arrow?

308
00:21:11,419 --> 00:21:13,379
Do you have an arrow here?

309
00:21:13,459 --> 00:21:15,419
These ones? May I have a look?

310
00:21:15,499 --> 00:21:17,459
Wow. And wildebeest?

311
00:21:17,539 --> 00:21:19,499
Wildebeest, yes.

312
00:21:21,299 --> 00:21:23,219
Then you take it and put poison.

313
00:21:23,339 --> 00:21:25,579
The black...
The black ones are poison.

314
00:21:25,659 --> 00:21:27,579
What is the poison?

315
00:21:27,659 --> 00:21:29,619
Take from special tree.

316
00:21:29,699 --> 00:21:31,939
The poison could kill a big animal?

317
00:21:32,059 --> 00:21:33,979
Big animal.
Me?

318
00:21:35,179 --> 00:21:38,339
You, if you are cutting,
maybe two minutes.

319
00:21:38,459 --> 00:21:40,379
I'd die?
Die.

320
00:21:40,499 --> 00:21:42,939
Keep that away from me, thank you.
Dangerous.

321
00:21:44,739 --> 00:21:47,139
To protect the animals
in the national park,

322
00:21:47,259 --> 00:21:50,099
the Hadzabe were moved to the edges
of the Serengeti.

323
00:21:50,219 --> 00:21:53,939
Here, they cohabit successfully
with animals.

324
00:21:55,659 --> 00:21:59,459
Each day, the women gather fruits
and berries and dig for roots.

325
00:21:59,579 --> 00:22:04,219
While the men meticulously hand-craft
arrows using bush materials.

326
00:22:09,099 --> 00:22:11,019
As night falls in the camp,

327
00:22:11,139 --> 00:22:13,779
the final touches are made
for tomorrow's hunt.

328
00:22:13,859 --> 00:22:15,819
Which I've been invited to join.

329
00:22:20,779 --> 00:22:23,179
Julius, when we go hunting tomorrow,

330
00:22:23,259 --> 00:22:25,219
what tips can you give me?

331
00:22:25,339 --> 00:22:29,179
Do I need to stay low?
Do I need to be very quiet?

332
00:22:29,259 --> 00:22:31,219
Do we need to run?

333
00:22:31,299 --> 00:22:33,259
Or do we go very slowly?

334
00:22:33,339 --> 00:22:35,539
Really slowly. Ssshh.

335
00:22:35,619 --> 00:22:37,539
Don't speak.

336
00:22:39,539 --> 00:22:41,459
(SLAPS THIGH)

337
00:22:41,579 --> 00:22:43,499
Psst!
(WHISTLES)

338
00:22:43,619 --> 00:22:46,219
That's how we talk?
(CLICKS)

339
00:22:46,299 --> 00:22:48,059
Small sound.

340
00:22:48,179 --> 00:22:50,619
How do we make sure
we don't shoot each other?

341
00:22:50,739 --> 00:22:52,659
(LAUGHS)
Make sure.

342
00:22:52,779 --> 00:22:55,019
The Hadzabe people
and their lifestyle

343
00:22:55,099 --> 00:22:57,179
are unlike anything I've seen before.

344
00:22:57,259 --> 00:22:59,179
This is what they've always done.

345
00:22:59,299 --> 00:23:03,579
If anything, my lifestyle is odder
and stranger than theirs.

346
00:23:03,659 --> 00:23:07,779
But...it's quite full on.

347
00:23:07,939 --> 00:23:12,659
I've got in the back of my mind
that, in the morning, I'm getting up
to go hunting.

348
00:23:12,779 --> 00:23:16,299
With bows and arrows. With poison
that can take down an elephant.

349
00:23:16,419 --> 00:23:19,339
But I am here to experience
all of this

350
00:23:19,419 --> 00:23:21,619
around this extraordinary migration.

351
00:23:23,139 --> 00:23:25,059
And this is all part of it.

352
00:23:25,179 --> 00:23:28,219
This is the hidden world that
most of us don't get to see.

353
00:23:33,643 --> 00:23:35,723
It's dawn in the southern Serengeti.

354
00:23:37,523 --> 00:23:41,963
The wildebeest herds have travelled
a further 10km along their great
migration.

355
00:23:43,803 --> 00:23:45,723
Really?

356
00:23:45,843 --> 00:23:50,523
And leave me with my hosts, the
Hadzabe tribe, to find breakfast.

357
00:23:53,443 --> 00:23:56,643
There are telltale signs that
we are in a good hunting area.

358
00:23:58,603 --> 00:24:00,523
What is this one?

359
00:24:06,243 --> 00:24:08,323
It's like a big cat super-highway
here.

360
00:24:08,403 --> 00:24:10,363
Everything going through.

361
00:24:10,483 --> 00:24:13,603
It's a bit chaotic. I'm not really
sure what's happening.

362
00:24:13,723 --> 00:24:16,323
I think we're heading
about two miles this way.

363
00:24:17,723 --> 00:24:19,643
There are two hunting parties.

364
00:24:19,763 --> 00:24:22,883
Trekking into the bush,
I'm already disorientated.

365
00:24:22,963 --> 00:24:24,923
Unlike my guides.

366
00:24:25,003 --> 00:24:27,083
They're like heat-seeking missiles.

367
00:24:27,203 --> 00:24:29,443
They know exactly
where they want to go.

368
00:24:29,523 --> 00:24:31,443
And they're just marching.

369
00:24:36,883 --> 00:24:38,963
Soon, the hunters ahead of us
call out.

370
00:24:39,043 --> 00:24:41,003
(SHOUTING)

371
00:24:53,723 --> 00:24:55,643
(SHOUTING)

372
00:24:56,963 --> 00:24:58,883
I can't believe what we find.

373
00:25:01,203 --> 00:25:03,323
I don't really know what to say.

374
00:25:04,643 --> 00:25:07,243
It's shocking, it's amazing,
it's unexpected.

375
00:25:07,963 --> 00:25:09,883
I had no idea where we were going.

376
00:25:10,003 --> 00:25:12,323
But obviously
there was an advance party.

377
00:25:12,443 --> 00:25:15,163
For all I know,
they're going after more baboons.

378
00:25:15,323 --> 00:25:20,283
Suddenly, I'm next to three baboons.
They're already cooking
the intestines on thefire.

379
00:25:21,923 --> 00:25:24,123
And there's a whole other
hunting party.

380
00:25:24,203 --> 00:25:26,163
It's crazy. And look.

381
00:25:26,283 --> 00:25:29,243
I mean... How does that
make you feel?

382
00:25:31,443 --> 00:25:33,363
Personally...

383
00:25:33,443 --> 00:25:35,403
It's hard to take all this in.

384
00:25:35,523 --> 00:25:39,603
But the reality
is that the Hadzabe people

385
00:25:39,683 --> 00:25:41,883
need these baboons to survive.

386
00:25:41,963 --> 00:25:43,923
This is life.

387
00:25:50,323 --> 00:25:53,123
I'm on an unstoppable train now.
I'm just with them.

388
00:25:53,203 --> 00:25:55,163
There's a baboon in this tree.

389
00:25:56,603 --> 00:25:58,523
They're not stopping.

390
00:26:02,723 --> 00:26:04,923
The tribe take pot-shots
at the baboons.

391
00:26:09,043 --> 00:26:11,323
And things get a bit too close
for comfort.

392
00:26:12,283 --> 00:26:14,203
Julius, you nearly took me out.

393
00:26:16,283 --> 00:26:18,203
That arrow very nearly hit me.

394
00:26:18,283 --> 00:26:21,323
Wow, this is nuts.

395
00:26:21,403 --> 00:26:23,363
This is nuts.

396
00:26:36,403 --> 00:26:42,923
Honestly, I came out here confident
that I would have a go at a bird,
a small animal.

397
00:26:43,043 --> 00:26:45,483
I want to experience what they do,
but I can't.

398
00:26:45,563 --> 00:26:47,523
I can't bring myself to do that.

399
00:26:47,603 --> 00:26:49,563
Not a baboon.

400
00:26:49,643 --> 00:26:53,363
I can't justify for myself.

401
00:26:56,563 --> 00:26:58,963
I leave the hunters
waiting for a clear shot.

402
00:27:01,643 --> 00:27:04,043
As a team, the tribesmen work fast.

403
00:27:04,163 --> 00:27:07,643
Continually collecting
and repairing fired arrows.

404
00:27:09,443 --> 00:27:12,323
Or skilfully fashioning clothes
out of their catch.

405
00:27:12,443 --> 00:27:16,203
This skin was on a living baboon
less than an hour ago.

406
00:27:16,283 --> 00:27:18,243
This is amazing.

407
00:27:18,323 --> 00:27:20,283
This is incredible.

408
00:27:20,403 --> 00:27:22,323
Nature shop like.
Nature's shop.

409
00:27:22,403 --> 00:27:24,363
Nature's shop.

410
00:27:25,403 --> 00:27:27,323
Wow.

411
00:27:30,803 --> 00:27:32,723
Breakfast will be eaten right here,

412
00:27:32,843 --> 00:27:36,363
while another of the baboons is
taken back for the family to eat.

413
00:27:41,603 --> 00:27:43,803
At 8:30, we've been going
for a few hours.

414
00:27:43,883 --> 00:27:45,843
I'm OK for now, thank you, sir.

415
00:27:47,323 --> 00:27:50,323
All due respect, I prefer
boiled eggs for my breakfast.

416
00:27:50,403 --> 00:27:52,363
I'm starving. I just don't think...

417
00:27:52,443 --> 00:27:54,403
I've lost my appetite.

418
00:27:56,403 --> 00:27:58,483
I don't want to be rude
to these guys.

419
00:28:01,363 --> 00:28:03,283
When Julius offers me some,

420
00:28:03,363 --> 00:28:05,323
it's difficult to refuse.

421
00:28:05,403 --> 00:28:07,363
You test?

422
00:28:19,443 --> 00:28:21,363
Tastes sort of gamey.

423
00:28:23,723 --> 00:28:29,163
It's good meat because baboon,
monkeys, chimpanzee,

424
00:28:29,243 --> 00:28:32,603
80% is eating fruits.

425
00:28:33,923 --> 00:28:38,523
Maybe this is good food because
there are many energy.

426
00:28:39,763 --> 00:28:41,683
Especially for children.

427
00:28:44,403 --> 00:28:48,523
A successful hunt is the difference
between eating or going hungry.

428
00:28:49,803 --> 00:28:52,283
This morning has been
a good one for the tribe.

429
00:28:52,403 --> 00:28:54,803
And tonight they are going to
celebrate.

430
00:28:57,483 --> 00:29:01,163
I don't think I've ever really met
a peoples quite like the Hadzabe.

431
00:29:01,243 --> 00:29:03,763
It's an extraordinary way of life.

432
00:29:03,883 --> 00:29:08,243
This is about as close to the earth
as you can possibly get.

433
00:29:09,923 --> 00:29:14,923
Let's be honest. I didn't come out
here to follow this magnificent
migration

434
00:29:15,043 --> 00:29:19,963
expecting to see baboons
caught with a bow and arrow

435
00:29:20,043 --> 00:29:22,403
and chopped up and eaten on the fire.

436
00:29:22,483 --> 00:29:24,443
It was the last thing I expected.

437
00:29:24,523 --> 00:29:27,043
But you mustn't ignore it.

438
00:29:27,123 --> 00:29:29,203
It's a part of life out here.

439
00:29:31,523 --> 00:29:33,443
It's the end of March.

440
00:29:33,563 --> 00:29:36,203
Six weeks since the wildebeest
birthing season,

441
00:29:36,323 --> 00:29:40,363
and the Serengeti plains
in the south are now bone dry.

442
00:29:42,723 --> 00:29:46,603
The rains are late and the migration
is nowhere to be seen.

443
00:29:52,563 --> 00:29:55,243
I wonder where the animals
are going to find food.

444
00:29:58,123 --> 00:30:00,523
So I head to the Park Central
Research Centre

445
00:30:00,643 --> 00:30:04,763
to meet back up with wildebeest
expert Dr Grant Hopcraft.

446
00:30:04,883 --> 00:30:08,123
So we've got the migration
hypothesis.

447
00:30:08,203 --> 00:30:10,163
What's the reality this year?

448
00:30:10,283 --> 00:30:13,443
This year, the rains
are all different.

449
00:30:13,523 --> 00:30:15,483
From the wildebeest perspective,

450
00:30:15,603 --> 00:30:17,643
everything is dependent
upon the rains.

451
00:30:17,763 --> 00:30:20,683
If you can predict the rain,
you can predict the wildebeest.

452
00:30:20,803 --> 00:30:23,843
Calving took place where it usually
happens, down here.

453
00:30:23,963 --> 00:30:27,483
This soil is so shallow. There's
a hardpan underneath the soil.

454
00:30:27,563 --> 00:30:29,523
Sometimes it's only 10cm deep.

455
00:30:29,643 --> 00:30:32,643
Which means that as soon
as it stops raining, it dries.

456
00:30:32,763 --> 00:30:35,203
And that's catastrophic
for the calves.

457
00:30:35,363 --> 00:30:40,683
It means that the cows, the females,
can no longer produce enough milk
to support the calf.

458
00:30:40,803 --> 00:30:45,763
The closest place they go to when
the rains fail during the wet season

459
00:30:45,883 --> 00:30:48,483
is they start heading
into the woodlands here.

460
00:30:48,603 --> 00:30:52,163
These are what we call
the wet season refuge.

461
00:30:56,683 --> 00:30:58,843
We do eventually find the wildebeest.

462
00:30:58,963 --> 00:31:03,603
20km off-course, scattered across
the wet season refuge.

463
00:31:05,363 --> 00:31:08,963
Keeping track of the herds
is essential for Grant's research.

464
00:31:09,083 --> 00:31:12,403
And this has been made possible
by advances in technology.

465
00:31:12,523 --> 00:31:15,803
His project is the only one
in the world

466
00:31:15,923 --> 00:31:19,803
allowed to collar the wildebeest
and monitor them via GPS.

467
00:31:19,923 --> 00:31:22,443
Where do the wildebeest go?
Why do they do it?

468
00:31:22,563 --> 00:31:25,283
When do they move?
When are they choosing to move?

469
00:31:25,443 --> 00:31:31,003
Mainly because this is the key
attribute about this ecosystem is
the wildebeest.

470
00:31:31,243 --> 00:31:33,163
How does this collar work?

471
00:31:33,243 --> 00:31:36,483
The bulk of it is the battery.

472
00:31:36,563 --> 00:31:38,523
This is where all the goodies lie.

473
00:31:38,603 --> 00:31:40,603
That's the key information.

474
00:31:40,683 --> 00:31:42,643
What's happening there

475
00:31:42,763 --> 00:31:44,763
is that inside here
is a data logger.

476
00:31:44,843 --> 00:31:46,803
It's recording information.

477
00:31:46,883 --> 00:31:48,843
In addition to that,

478
00:31:48,963 --> 00:31:52,563
there is a mobile phone engine
in there.

479
00:31:52,683 --> 00:31:56,523
That's transmitting data through
that little transmitter on the top.

480
00:31:56,603 --> 00:31:58,563
Which is also where the GPS lies.

481
00:31:58,723 --> 00:32:02,603
It's going to give us the date, the
time, and the location
of the animal.

482
00:32:02,723 --> 00:32:05,723
This piece of kit is giving you
priceless information.

483
00:32:05,883 --> 00:32:09,883
It's giving us information that you
would not be able to get
any other way.

484
00:32:11,603 --> 00:32:15,003
Grant only collars wildebeest once
the birthing season is over

485
00:32:15,083 --> 00:32:17,123
to minimise stress amongst the herd.

486
00:32:18,523 --> 00:32:21,763
Now that the calves are six weeks
old, it's the right time.

487
00:32:21,883 --> 00:32:25,763
We begin our search for an eligible
animal to collar.

488
00:32:27,563 --> 00:32:30,243
You think we want to head off
this way?

489
00:32:30,323 --> 00:32:33,923
Head over this rise a little bit.

490
00:32:34,043 --> 00:32:36,563
We'll see what's on
the back side of this hill.

491
00:32:36,643 --> 00:32:40,003
The migration route is 650km.

492
00:32:40,123 --> 00:32:44,403
But an individual wildebeest
can travel 1,500km

493
00:32:44,523 --> 00:32:47,843
as it zigzags across the plain
searching for food.

494
00:32:49,643 --> 00:32:53,003
Grant's aim is to understand
how the wildebeest make choices

495
00:32:53,083 --> 00:32:55,043
in relation to their environment.

496
00:32:55,163 --> 00:32:57,603
And it's the females
who give the best data.

497
00:32:59,043 --> 00:33:02,323
They make the critical decisions
on where to search for food

498
00:33:02,403 --> 00:33:04,363
because they have calves to feed.

499
00:33:04,443 --> 00:33:06,403
She's perfect.

500
00:33:07,843 --> 00:33:09,763
Look at that. Big and strong.

501
00:33:09,843 --> 00:33:11,803
A calf.

502
00:33:11,923 --> 00:33:16,323
She's probably done a few laps
around the Serengeti, that one.

503
00:33:16,443 --> 00:33:20,723
So you're looking for migratory
veterans?!

504
00:33:20,803 --> 00:33:22,723
Yeah.

505
00:33:22,843 --> 00:33:27,123
Ideally, we want a female who has
experienced the system before.

506
00:33:27,203 --> 00:33:30,203
And is well tuned to the system.

507
00:33:32,243 --> 00:33:34,163
Parked away from the herd,

508
00:33:34,323 --> 00:33:38,643
preparations are made to safely
anaesthetise the animal
using a dart gun.

509
00:33:38,763 --> 00:33:41,723
It's this point I need
to leave the experts.

510
00:33:41,843 --> 00:33:45,643
Under park regulations, filming
the darting is not allowed.

511
00:33:49,003 --> 00:33:51,163
The whole process takes just
15 minutes.

512
00:33:51,243 --> 00:33:53,203
And then Grant calls me in.

513
00:33:54,803 --> 00:33:56,723
Ben to Grant, I am on my way.

514
00:33:59,003 --> 00:34:01,843
The wildebeest is up
and keen to rejoin her herd.

515
00:34:03,523 --> 00:34:06,323
Grant and his team keep back
so as not to spook her.

516
00:34:09,923 --> 00:34:11,843
In order to find her again,

517
00:34:11,963 --> 00:34:15,363
we need to pick up a signal from
her newly fitted radio collar.

518
00:34:16,803 --> 00:34:18,683
(BEEP)
Yeah, straight.

519
00:34:18,803 --> 00:34:21,123
You're bang on target.
OK.

520
00:34:21,243 --> 00:34:23,283
This must be an exciting time
for you.

521
00:34:23,403 --> 00:34:27,523
When you've got one of the collars
on and a whole story is beginning.

522
00:34:27,643 --> 00:34:32,243
Yeah. We've clipped her tail hair,
we've got samples.

523
00:34:32,363 --> 00:34:35,483
This is where the science
for this animal really begins.

524
00:34:37,843 --> 00:34:41,643
She's going to be somewhere fairly
close by here.

525
00:34:41,723 --> 00:34:43,683
Er...

526
00:34:43,803 --> 00:34:45,723
Shall I stop and have a look?
Yeah.

527
00:34:45,803 --> 00:34:47,763
It's probably a good idea.

528
00:34:50,923 --> 00:34:53,003
I think she's in this group
ahead of us.

529
00:34:53,083 --> 00:34:55,043
Can you see anything?

530
00:34:58,963 --> 00:35:01,203
That's her! There she is!

531
00:35:01,283 --> 00:35:03,243
Well done.

532
00:35:03,323 --> 00:35:05,283
Look at that!

533
00:35:08,243 --> 00:35:10,163
I can definitely see the collar.

534
00:35:10,243 --> 00:35:12,203
The calf is with her.

535
00:35:12,323 --> 00:35:14,243
That must be a relief for you.
It is.

536
00:35:14,363 --> 00:35:16,883
We had to be quick
about getting the collar on.

537
00:35:17,043 --> 00:35:21,803
You can see how small that calf is
in relation to the other calves
running around withit.

538
00:35:21,923 --> 00:35:24,763
She's walking confidently.
Her legs are coming up.

539
00:35:24,883 --> 00:35:28,123
Quite often with the drug,
they look like a prancing horse.

540
00:35:28,243 --> 00:35:31,043
But she's walking like a proper
wildebeest should.

541
00:35:31,163 --> 00:35:34,523
You can name her now.
What are you going to name her?

542
00:35:34,643 --> 00:35:39,963
I think she has to be named after
one of my heroines, Jane Goodall.

543
00:35:40,083 --> 00:35:42,003
Let's call her Jane.
Excellent.

544
00:35:42,123 --> 00:35:45,163
We can name the other three...
There were four in total.

545
00:35:45,243 --> 00:35:47,483
We'll go for Rachel Carson.

546
00:35:47,603 --> 00:35:50,123
That's a good idea.
Great environmentalist.

547
00:35:50,243 --> 00:35:53,123
Let's go for Virginia McKenna.
Born Free!

548
00:35:53,203 --> 00:35:55,163
Did so much work out here.

549
00:35:55,283 --> 00:35:58,843
And not forgetting Dian Fossey,
primatologist.

550
00:35:58,923 --> 00:36:00,883
All great scientists.

551
00:36:01,003 --> 00:36:04,843
This is how we are going to be able
to follow this incredible migration.

552
00:36:04,963 --> 00:36:10,003
Absolutely. This is how all this
new technology is going to help us.

553
00:36:11,483 --> 00:36:16,603
I look forward to tracking Jane,
Rachel, Virginia, and Dian

554
00:36:16,723 --> 00:36:19,843
as they continue their journey
on the great migration.

555
00:36:24,865 --> 00:36:27,345
It's almost April in Tanzania.

556
00:36:27,465 --> 00:36:31,025
The rains have still not graced
the Serengeti.

557
00:36:34,705 --> 00:36:39,145
And the migrating wildebeest
continue their search for water
and fresh grass.

558
00:36:40,905 --> 00:36:45,705
The herds are now 130km
into their 650km journey.

559
00:36:47,705 --> 00:36:50,665
While the wildebeest can migrate
to find fresh grass,

560
00:36:50,785 --> 00:36:53,105
there are people who live here
that can't.

561
00:36:54,865 --> 00:36:56,785
Back on the birthing plains,

562
00:36:56,865 --> 00:36:58,905
the Maasai have been left in drought.

563
00:36:58,985 --> 00:37:01,985
For them, good pasture and water

564
00:37:02,065 --> 00:37:04,025
is vital for livestock grazing.

565
00:37:08,025 --> 00:37:10,345
I come to meet Paaka Puni
and his family

566
00:37:10,465 --> 00:37:14,305
to see how the tribe cope
as this climate is changing.

567
00:37:14,425 --> 00:37:16,425
Welcome.
Thank you.

568
00:37:16,545 --> 00:37:18,465
A present.
Wow.

569
00:37:18,545 --> 00:37:20,505
For you.

570
00:37:20,585 --> 00:37:22,145
Thank you.

571
00:37:22,265 --> 00:37:26,545
As far as my eye can see is a long
fence line of pieces of fabric.

572
00:37:26,625 --> 00:37:28,505
What is this for?

573
00:37:45,065 --> 00:37:47,545
The danger is that the wildebeest
carry a virus

574
00:37:47,665 --> 00:37:51,665
which doesn't affect them
but is fatal to the Maasai's cattle.

575
00:38:04,065 --> 00:38:08,585
Paaka Puni tells me that the tribe
have lost a quarter of their herd
through disease.

576
00:38:08,705 --> 00:38:12,345
But things could get worse
if the rains don't come.

577
00:38:17,505 --> 00:38:19,425
There's no milk in there.

578
00:38:31,065 --> 00:38:32,985
Like the Hadzabe,

579
00:38:33,145 --> 00:38:37,105
the Maasai were moved out of the
Serengeti national park
to its borders.

580
00:38:37,185 --> 00:38:39,065
Their population was growing,

581
00:38:39,225 --> 00:38:43,625
and the government wanted to ensure
protection for the great
migration routes.

582
00:38:43,745 --> 00:38:47,865
Rain and fresh grass were in
abundance in their old region.

583
00:38:47,945 --> 00:38:50,145
But here, it's very different.

584
00:39:17,425 --> 00:39:19,905
Each one of the family's animals
is valuable.

585
00:39:20,025 --> 00:39:24,745
But today, they've slaughtered
a goat to prey for the rains.

586
00:39:26,225 --> 00:39:28,425
They've also invited
their neighbours,

587
00:39:28,505 --> 00:39:30,465
meaning everyone can eat.

588
00:39:32,305 --> 00:39:37,465
The Maasai want the rains
just as much as the wildebeest.

589
00:39:37,585 --> 00:39:40,025
And subsequently all the other
animals here.

590
00:39:40,105 --> 00:39:42,145
This is a complex ecosystem.

591
00:39:43,665 --> 00:39:48,225
It's a reminder of how man has lived
for a long time.

592
00:39:48,345 --> 00:39:52,345
Some of the earliest forms of man,
our earliest ancestors,

593
00:39:52,425 --> 00:39:54,385
were found not far from this spot.

594
00:39:54,545 --> 00:39:58,865
Man belongs here as well.
Who are we to say that this is
the animals' domain?

595
00:40:00,705 --> 00:40:02,945
But technology is progressing.

596
00:40:03,065 --> 00:40:05,385
The Maasai here
are keeping to their roots,

597
00:40:05,465 --> 00:40:07,425
keeping to their traditions.

598
00:40:07,545 --> 00:40:10,065
But they are certainly embracing
technology.

599
00:40:10,185 --> 00:40:14,185
It probably won't be long before
they've got apps to follow the rain!

600
00:40:14,305 --> 00:40:16,905
Or to look for the best grazing
for their goats.

601
00:40:17,025 --> 00:40:20,425
Really. I don't doubt that
that will happen.

602
00:40:20,585 --> 00:40:26,465
But you can't help but see this way
of life and wonder how long
this can sustain itself.

603
00:40:26,585 --> 00:40:33,065
This is a whole question between
heritage and history and the future.

604
00:40:40,185 --> 00:40:42,265
In their search for fresh grass,

605
00:40:42,385 --> 00:40:46,305
the wildebeest have moved a further
20km into the woodlands.

606
00:40:49,825 --> 00:40:53,425
I meet up with Grant to track our
collared females via satellite.

607
00:40:53,585 --> 00:40:58,265
Grant, I shouldn't be surprised,
given the technology we're using on
the wildebeest,

608
00:40:58,385 --> 00:41:02,185
but this is just amazing you can do
this in the middle of the Serengeti.

609
00:41:02,305 --> 00:41:06,225
We're tagged into 3G. Mobiles
tethered into a laptop.

610
00:41:06,345 --> 00:41:09,265
We're seeing, in real time,
where these animals are.

611
00:41:10,865 --> 00:41:13,305
As well as the wildebeest
we named Jane,

612
00:41:13,425 --> 00:41:16,545
Grant and his team have put collars
on three other females

613
00:41:16,625 --> 00:41:18,585
to follow them over the next year.

614
00:41:20,145 --> 00:41:22,985
We've got Virginia, we've got Dian.

615
00:41:23,065 --> 00:41:25,025
We've got Jane.

616
00:41:25,105 --> 00:41:27,065
And we've got Rachel.

617
00:41:27,145 --> 00:41:29,105
And using the satellite image,

618
00:41:29,225 --> 00:41:32,705
you can have an idea of what
the ground is looking like.

619
00:41:32,825 --> 00:41:36,865
That's right. In fact, honest to
God, this is Jane.

620
00:41:36,945 --> 00:41:38,905
That's that mountain there.

621
00:41:38,985 --> 00:41:40,945
And there's the road.

622
00:41:41,025 --> 00:41:43,345
Virginia has decided to go west.

623
00:41:43,465 --> 00:41:46,105
Unfortunately, we don't know
what she's doing.

624
00:41:46,225 --> 00:41:49,665
She's right on the edge. I think
she's hoping it's going to rain.

625
00:41:49,785 --> 00:41:53,425
She's going to be first in line if
it rains on the short grass plains.

626
00:41:53,505 --> 00:41:55,465
This one has decided to go north.

627
00:41:55,545 --> 00:41:57,505
That's Dian.

628
00:41:57,585 --> 00:41:59,545
Crunch time.

629
00:41:59,665 --> 00:42:02,625
Your calf is on its last legs
probably.

630
00:42:02,705 --> 00:42:04,665
Where am I going to go?

631
00:42:04,785 --> 00:42:09,265
You've got to predict now, where are
these four going to go next?

632
00:42:09,345 --> 00:42:11,305
I know.

633
00:42:11,425 --> 00:42:15,465
My bet is that everybody
is going to head northwest.

634
00:42:15,545 --> 00:42:17,505
In this direction here.

635
00:42:17,625 --> 00:42:20,065
Everybody is going to pull
a very fast U-turn

636
00:42:20,185 --> 00:42:22,425
as soon as these clouds
start breaking.

637
00:42:22,585 --> 00:42:26,705
They're going to do a complete
U-turn and come right back
this way over here.

638
00:42:26,785 --> 00:42:28,745
We'll be watching.

639
00:42:30,865 --> 00:42:32,785
Across the parched landscape,

640
00:42:32,905 --> 00:42:36,425
the migration journeys towards
its next phase,

641
00:42:36,505 --> 00:42:38,465
the wildebeest mating season.

642
00:42:41,265 --> 00:42:46,265
But the weather must now do its part
in supporting this incredible
natural wonder.

643
00:42:46,345 --> 00:42:48,585
The rain should be here by now.

644
00:42:48,705 --> 00:42:54,585
The clouds build up and they tease
everyone who's here, the animals.

645
00:42:54,665 --> 00:42:56,865
But the rain still hasn't come.

646
00:42:56,985 --> 00:42:59,785
The earth looks like it's been
scorched. It's brown.

647
00:42:59,905 --> 00:43:04,185
There's nothing to sustain
neither animal nor man here.

648
00:43:04,305 --> 00:43:06,745
So the migration
isn't where it should be.

649
00:43:06,865 --> 00:43:09,785
Which throws everything else
out of kilter.

650
00:43:09,945 --> 00:43:14,425
What I've discovered here
is it's not just about the
wildebeest, this migration,

651
00:43:14,545 --> 00:43:18,065
it's the nomadic lions,
it's the zebra that follow,

652
00:43:18,185 --> 00:43:21,425
it's the people that rely on
some of those creatures.

653
00:43:21,505 --> 00:43:23,465
It's all inter-weaved.

654
00:43:23,625 --> 00:43:29,025
I suppose what I've really discovered
is that the Serengeti hasn't just
been shaped by the animals.

655
00:43:29,145 --> 00:43:32,465
It's as much a part of the people
as it is the animal kingdom.

656
00:43:34,025 --> 00:43:36,785
Next time, I'm in the middle
of the wildebeest rut.

657
00:43:36,865 --> 00:43:38,825
Are the males doing this solidly?

658
00:43:38,945 --> 00:43:42,265
They're going to do this solidly.
They're not spending time eating.

659
00:43:42,385 --> 00:43:44,305
Because they're just
thinking about sex?

660
00:43:44,385 --> 00:43:46,345
They're obsessed by sex.

661
00:43:46,465 --> 00:43:49,665
I'll witness power-plays,
not just between the animals,

662
00:43:49,785 --> 00:43:52,425
but from humans who pose
an even greater threat.

663
00:43:56,145 --> 00:44:00,545
And I come face to face with a
majestic species on the brink
of extinction.

664
00:44:00,625 --> 00:44:02,585
To find one with its calf is amazing.

665
00:44:05,865 --> 00:44:07,785
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